The coat of arms of Portugal is a heraldic emblem rich with history and national significance. Its origins trace back to the 12th century, during the time of the Portuguese Reconquista. The current form of the coat of arms has been officially in use since 1911, following the implementation of the Portuguese Republic, which overthrew the monarchy in the revolution of 1910.

Design and Symbolism

The Portuguese coat of arms is composed of several elements, each with its own historical and symbolic significance.

• The Shield: Central to the coat of arms is the shield, which is of a traditional form and contains the quinas (the five smaller blue inescutcheons with white dots) and the castles.

• The Quinas: The five blue shields arranged in a cross pattern each hold five white dots. These represent the five Moorish kings defeated by the first King of Portugal, Afonso Henriques, at the Battle of Ourique. The placement of the shields in a cross suggests the divine assistance received during the battle.

• The Castles: Surrounding the quinas are seven golden castles, which are believed to symbolize the fortified cities defended during the Reconquista or the extension of the Portuguese dominion at that time.

• The Red Border: The shield is surrounded by a red border that is charged with seven golden castles, which are also open to interpretation but generally are considered a symbol of the fortitude of the nation.

• The Laurel Branches: Encircling the shield are two laurel branches, one on each side, tied at the bottom with a green ribbon. These branches are symbols of honor and victory.

• The Spherical Astrolabe: Behind the shield is a navigational instrument, the armillary sphere, which was a critical tool during the Age of Discoveries when Portuguese explorers navigated the globe. This element symbolizes Portugal’s history as a sea-faring nation and its scientific achievements.

Modern Application

Today, the Portuguese coat of arms is used extensively as a symbol of state and national unity. It appears on official documents, government buildings, and Portuguese passports. It is also a central feature of the national flag, reinforcing its significance as a national emblem.

Conclusion

The coat of arms of Portugal is more than just an emblem; it is a narrative of the country's history, culture, and aspirations. Its elements collectively tell a story of battles won, maritime explorations, and the pride of a nation. For the residents of Portugal, it is a symbol of national identity and a reminder of the country's historical legacy and enduring spirit.