The current coat of arms of South Africa was adopted on Freedom Day, April 27, 2000, symbolizing the beginning of the era of democracy in South Africa and reflecting changes in the country's identity and values since the end of apartheid. It replaced the earlier coat of arms that had been in use since 1910, marking a significant shift towards inclusivity and a break from the colonial past.

Design and Symbolism

The Secretary Bird with Spread Wings
At the top of the shield stands the secretary bird with its wings uplifted in a display of majesty and grace. The bird symbolizes growth and speed but, most importantly, protection, as it is a bird of prey renowned for its hunting skill, which is allegorical of the protection of the nation.

The Rising Sun Above the Horizon
Just above the bird is a rising sun, which represents the brightness, energy, and the promise of rebirth that comes with each new day. It symbolizes the hope and promise of a new era for the nation.

The Protea
Below the bird is the most prominent and central feature: the protea. This indigenous South African flower is a symbol of the country's beauty and represents the blossoming of potential and the flowering of unity among the diverse elements of the South African society.

The Shield
Central to the coat of arms is a shield, signifying the spiritual defense of the nation. It is composed of two human figures from Khoisan rock art, representing the common ancestry of all South Africans and the unity of heritage and culture.

The Wheat Garbs
Flanking the shield are two golden wheat garbs, which symbolize fertility, growth, and the development of the country. They also represent the agricultural aspects of the earth.

The Elephant Tusks
Enclosing the shield are a pair of elephant tusks, denoting wisdom, strength, moderation, and eternity.

The Motto
Beneath the shield is the motto: “!ke e:/xarra //ke”, written in the Khoisan language of the /Xam people, literally meaning “diverse people unite”. It emphasizes the confluence of different cultures and the principle of unity in diversity.

Modern Application

The coat of arms is used on all official documents, including passports, currency, and national publications. It is a legal requirement to display the coat of arms on governmental buildings and is a proud emblem for all South African diplomatic missions abroad. It also holds a place of honor in the National Orders of South Africa, which are the highest awards the country bestows on its citizens and foreign nationals.

Conclusion

The coat of arms of South Africa is a powerful symbol of the country's sovereignty, traditions, and aspirations. It embodies a sense of belonging and pride among South Africans and represents the unity and identity of the nation. It serves as a reminder of the country's historical struggles and its commitment to a united and prosperous future for all its people.