The current coat of arms of India, known as the "State Emblem of India," is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, an ancient sculpture dating back to 250 BCE during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. It was officially adopted on January 26, 1950, the day India became a republic. This emblem not only serves as a national symbol but also represents India's rich historical and cultural heritage.
Design and Symbolism
Four Lions: The most prominent feature of the emblem is the group of four lions standing back-to-back, symbolizing power, courage, pride, and confidence. However, only three lions are visible in any representation of the emblem.
Сircular abacus: The four lions of the State Emblem of India are standing on a circular abacus. The abacus features a frieze with sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion, separated by intervening spoked chariot-wheels. These animals are symbolic representations: the elephant from the east, the horse from the south, the bull from the west, and the lion from the north. They symbolize the diverse historical and cultural heritage of India, and also illustrate the spread of the Dharma (law) across these regions. The inclusion of these animals along with the Ashoka Chakra (wheel) on the abacus adds layers of symbolic meaning to the overall design of the emblem, emphasizing the importance of justice, righteousness, and the eternal cycle of life.
Wheel (Ashoka Chakra): Below the lions, in the center, is a wheel, known as the Ashoka Chakra. This 24-spoked wheel is also featured in the national flag of India and symbolizes the eternal wheel of law (Dharma).
Bull and Horse Figures: Flanking the Ashoka Chakra are figures of a bull on the right and a horse on the left, representing steadfastness and loyalty, respectively.
Motto: Below the emblem is the motto "Satyameva Jayate" in Devanagari script, which means "Truth Alone Triumphs." This underlines the nation's commitment to truth and justice.
Modern Application
The State Emblem of India is used in a variety of official capacities. It appears on all Indian currency notes, government documents, official papers, and national awards. The emblem serves as a symbol of the sovereignty of the Republic of India and is an integral part of government seals and badges.
Conclusion
The State Emblem of India is more than a national symbol; it is an amalgamation of India's vast cultural history and its ethical values. The emblem encapsulates India's identity and serves as a source of pride and inspiration for its citizens. It's a reflection of India's commitment to upholding its ancient values and philosophies in modern times, symbolizing unity, integrity, and the guiding principles of the nation.