The obverse (front) of the Great Seal of the United States is a significant symbol of the U.S. government that has been in use since its first design in 1782.
1. Eagle:
- Bald Eagle: The central figure is a bald eagle, the national bird of the United States, representing freedom and independence.
- Shield: The eagle clutches a shield with 13 red and white stripes (pales), representing the 13 original states, with a blue field above representing the Congress. The colors are symbolic: red for valor and hardiness, white for purity and innocence, and blue for vigilance, perseverance, and justice.
2. Olive Branch and Arrows:
- In the Right Talon: The eagle holds an olive branch in its right talon, symbolizing peace.
- In the Left Talon: In its left talon, the eagle holds a bundle of 13 arrows, representing the original 13 states and the power of war.
3. Scroll and Motto:
- Scroll in Eagle's Beak: A scroll is held in the eagle's beak.
- Motto: The scroll bears the motto "E Pluribus Unum," a Latin phrase meaning "Out of Many, One," signifying the union of states.
4. Constellation of Stars:
- Above the Eagle's Head: Above the eagle's head is a constellation of 13 five-pointed stars within a cloud, symbolizing the new nation taking its place among the powers of the world.
5. Heraldic Details:
- Color and Design: The design incorporates heraldic traditions and is rich in symbolism, with colors, postures, and elements that each bear specific meanings.
6. Use:
- Official Acts: The obverse of the Great Seal is used to emboss documents for official acts of the U.S. government, including treaties and presidential proclamations.
The obverse of the Great Seal is a prominent emblem and is used on various official documents, including the U.S. one-dollar bill, and it symbolizes the history, ideals, and values of the United States.